Vol 13 Issue 3 July 2025-September 2025

Abstract: Kenya faces a substantial shortage of affordable housing, especially in the Nairobi Metropolitan Area (NMA), where swift urbanization and population expansion have exceeded available availability. Notwithstanding governmental involvement via the Affordable Housing Programme, projects frequently encounter delays, budget overruns, and poor quality. The significance of project environment dynamics is acknowledged, although the mediating influence of team communication on project outcomes remains insufficiently explored. This study, informed by Shannon and Weaver’s Communication Theory, investigated the mediating influence of team communication on the efficacy of affordable housing projects in the NMA. The study encompassed 24 projects executed from 2017 to 2024, gathering data from 264 participants, including project managers, contractors, developers, architects, engineers, quantity surveyors, and construction managers. Structured questionnaires were employed, and the data were analyzed utilizing descriptive statistics, multiple regression, and mediation analysis in accordance with Baron and Kenny’s (1986) paradigm. Results demonstrated that project environment dynamics did not exert a direct influence on project performance. They substantially improved team communication, which consequently had a profound positive impact on project outcomes. Mediation analysis established that team communication completely mediates the association between project environment dynamics and project performance. The study concludes that efficient team communication is essential for enhancing the effectiveness of affordable housing initiatives. It improves coordination, decision-making, and conflict resolution, therefore reducing inefficiencies. The study recommends that policymakers and project managers to institutionalize organized communication frameworks, utilize digital platforms, and enhance stakeholder communication skills to optimize project execution and improves Kenya’s affordable housing development.

Keywords: Team Communication, Project Performance, Affordable Housing, Project Environment Dynamics.

Title: THE MEDIATING EFFECT OF TEAM COMMUNICATION ON THE PERFORMANCE OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING PROJECTS IN NAIROBI METROPOLITAN AREA, KENYA

Author: Erick Omulo, Lucy Ngugi, Lydiah Gachengo

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 13, Issue 3, July 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 315-325

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Published Date: 30-August-2025

Abstract: This study explored the lived experiences of retirable teachers in the Division of Carcar City, highlighting the challenges, strengths, and aspirations they encountered while adapting to the evolving demands of education in the new normal. Guided by Husserlian phenomenology, the study employed a qualitative research design and utilized Colaizzi’s (1978) method of phenomenological analysis. Teacher-informants were purposively selected and engaged in semi-structured interviews with open-ended questions, allowing for the collection of in-depth narratives. The transcripts were translated, analyzed, and subjected to thematic analysis to extract meaningful insights from their experiences. Five major themes emerged from the participants’ accounts: (1) Memorandized Directives Obliged Retirees, reflecting the limitations imposed by institutional mandates; (2) Reading Topics Bases for a Strategy like Audio-Lingual, pointing to reliance on traditional pedagogical strategies that may not always suit learners’ needs; (3) “Know-how” Feeling Turned into a Challenge, emphasizing the difficulties in mastering technology and transitioning to digital teaching formats; (4) Sacrifice to Serve for Better Outputs and Outcomes, underscoring the personal and professional efforts exerted by teachers to ensure learning continuity; and (5) Inconsistent Feeling of Satisfaction Leads to Minimal Learning Experience, revealing the mixed responses of learners and parents to Recorded Video Lessons (RVLs). The findings reveal that despite the constraints, retirable teachers demonstrated resilience, adaptability, and dedication to their learners and communities. It is recommended that the Department of Education–Carcar City Division utilize these insights in planning in-service training and workshops to better support teachers nearing retirement, particularly in integrating technology with pedagogy.

Keywords: Lived Experience, Retirees, Recorded Video Lessons, Department of Education, Carcar City Division.

Title: Lived Experiences of Retirable Teachers in Crafting Recorded Video Lessons for Reading Classes

Author: Dr. Jean S. Dabasol

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 13, Issue 3, July 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 307-314

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 30-August-2025

Abstract: This article addresses the current situation of social work activities aimed at prevention and early detection of mental health problems implemented in a number of secondary schools in Hanoi city. The research findings, based on a survey of 140 teachers and 400 students from 3 secondary schools in Hanoi, indicate that activities for early detection and prevention of student mental health problems are not conducted regularly. They tend to be formalistic, isolated, unsystematic and lack diverse methods and implementation tools. This current situation is influenced by numerous factors, such as the limited knowledge and skills of implementers, a lack of resources and support services and inadequate policies for implementers... From these findings, the article proposes a number of measures to enhance the effectiveness of social work activities in prevention and early detection of student mental health problems.

Keywords:  Student mental health, school social work, prevention, early detection.

Title: EVALUATION OF PREVENTION ACTIVITIES FOR STUDENT MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS AT A NUMBER OF SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN HANOI CITY

Author: Đỗ Nghiêm Thanh Phương

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 13, Issue 3, July 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 301-306

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 27-August-2025

Abstract: In recent years especially in India, the political and economical reforms that took place has made a lot of change and one such situation is there has been increased push for Universal Health Coverage (UHC) at the Global level involving majority of the countries making it more thinkable about the Universal Health Care to make Universe a global health union of human beings who are made to fight with the health conditions. In this article which is an exploratory article an attempt is made regarding the importance and involvement of World Health Organization to advise and positive direction to its member countries to introduce reforms with a political will towards Universal Healthcare. It is easy for advanced and developed countries but difficult for developing countries and more difficult for under developed and undeveloped countries. The reforms and regulatiosn that took place since the inception of regulations with respect to healthcare through the advice of the World body and also the will of the nations in introducing healthcare, a predominantly basic right of every citizen which will reflect in our Indian Constitution under Article 21 with right to live under dignity likewise many countries have their own constitutions wherein importance of health to their citizens so clubbing all these together that forms the Universal Healthcare is not one nation or one countries problem but has to be tackled globally in a more understanding manner.

Thus the present tourism that has come into fore is medical tourism/healthcare tourism in which every country is making their own reforms and thriving hard for a Universal Health indirectly. Especially in India, the opening up of economy globalization of health, participation of private players in health (previously it is under the control of the government has made a dent in healthcare and now we can proudly say that we are in line and at par with the developed nations like USA, UK and Germany. We can authoritatively say that in Asia we are on par with Malaysia and Singapore in healthcare and advanced Healthcare Technology. Now even our neighboring countries of India are also making efforts to make Universal healthcare is not a myth but a reality.

Keywords: Universal Health Coverage (UHC), Health Policy, Myths and Realities, COVID-19 Pandemic, Health Financing, Global Health Systems, Civil Society Organizations (CSOs), India Ayushman Bharat, World Health Organization (WHO), Primary Healthcare, Evidence-Based Practice.

Title: UNIVERSAL HEALTHCARE IS A MYTH OR REALITY

Author: C.L. Avadhani

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 13, Issue 3, July 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 286-300

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 26-August-2025

Abstract: Affordable housing continues to be a significant socio-economic issue in Kenya, especially in the Nairobi Metropolitan Area (NMA), where demand substantially exceeds supply despite governmental efforts under the Big Four Agenda. Ongoing challenges of cost overruns, schedule delays, and substandard quality outcomes highlight the necessity to investigate project environmental dynamics and the possible influence of information technology (IT) applications on enhancing housing project performance. This study examined the moderating influence of IT applications on the link between project environment dynamics and the performance of affordable housing projects in the NMA. A descriptive study design was employed, focusing on 24 affordable housing developments launched between 2017 and 2024. Data were gathered from 264 respondents via a census methodology, comprising project managers, contractors, developers, architects, engineers, quantity surveyors, and construction managers. Structured questionnaires and inferential analysis, incorporating moderation tests based on the Baron and Kenny (1986) methodology, were utilized. The findings indicated that project environment dynamics had no substantial impact on project performance. Nonetheless, IT applications had a robust and statistically significant positive impact on housing project outcomes, especially in improving efficiency, stakeholder engagement, and decision-making. The interaction term between project environment dynamics and IT utilization was statistically insignificant, suggesting that IT did not modify the link between environmental dynamics and project performance. The study concludes that although IT applications directly enhance project outcomes, their moderating influence in the NMA setting is constrained by issues related to adoption, alignment, and readiness. It is advised that policy and managerial initiatives be implemented to enhance IT integration for sustainable housing delivery.

Keywords: Affordable housing, project performance, project environment dynamics, information technology.

Title: THE MODERATING EFFECT OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF AFFORDABLE HOUSING PROJECTS IN NAIROBI METROPOLITAN AREA, KENYA

Author: Erick Omulo, Dr. Lucy Ngugi, Dr. Lydiah Gachengo

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 13, Issue 3, July 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 274-285

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 26-August-2025

Abstract: This paper presents a biographical and historical account of Salipada K. Pendatun, the first Filipino Muslim Brigadier General and a pioneering political leader in postwar Philippines. Tracing his journey from a young Maguindanaon intellectual to a guerrilla commander during World War II, and later as a lawyer, legislator, cabinet member, and national statesman, the study highlights Pendatun’s multifaceted contributions to both the Moro people and the Philippine nation. It underscores his wartime heroism and his instrumental role in rebuilding democratic institutions, alongside his legislative and executive achievements that advanced social justice, economic development, and Muslim representation.

More importantly, the paper situates Pendatun’s political career within the broader framework of nation-building and peace-building, demonstrating how he consistently sought to bridge divides between the Moro community and wider Filipino society. His leadership reflected a deep commitment to dialogue, inclusivity, and reconciliation—values that shaped his vision of unity amid diversity. Anchored in archival sources, memoirs, and secondary sources, the study accentuates Pendatun’s enduring role as both a champion of Moro aspirations and a statesman of national peace and solidarity.

Ultimately, it argues that Pendatun’s legacy embodies the intertwined goals of governance, inclusivity, and sustainable peace, making him a historical figure whose leadership continues to inspire reflections on political representation, cultural coexistence, and peace-building in Mindanao and the nation.

Keywords: Salipada K. Pendatun; Moro leadership; Mindanao history; Muslim representation; nation-building; peace-building; Philippine politics.

Title: SALIPADA K. PENDATUN: A LEGACY OF STATESMANSHIP AND PEACE-BUILDING IN MINDANAO AND THE NATION

Author: Khadiguia Ontok-Balah

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 13, Issue 3, July 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 259-273

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 25-August-2025

Abstract: The study examined the effect of decentralization on local government's timely accountability in Mbale City Council (formerly Mbale Municipal Council) with respect to administrative, financial, and political gaps. A sample of 292 respondents was used in the study. Correlation and regression analysis established that there are relationships between decentralization and local government timely accountability, with (r = 0.689 for administration, (r = 0.695) for financing, and (r = 0.817) for political support. The findings revealed that there were some improvements in the administrative, fiscal, and political aspects of decentralization with a positive influence on efficiency in timely accountability (R² = 0.689, r =0.830, F = 115.315, and p = 0.000). As measures to improve local government's timely accountability, the study recommended that the public should participate more in information sharing to closely follow the performance of both political and appointed officials.  It was further recommended that both political and civil service leaders should be more accountable in the process of carrying out their responsibilities as agents of the people.

Keywords: Decentralisation, Local Government, Timely Accountability.

Title: DECENTRALISATION AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT TIMELY ACCOUNTABILITY IN UGANDA: A CASE OF MBALE MUNICIPAL COUNCIL

Author: Peter Simon Wakwale, Faustino L. Orach-Meza, Pio Frank Kiingi, Joseph Oloba

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 13, Issue 3, July 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 249-258

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 22-August-2025

Abstract: This study examines the paradox of persistent conflict and elusive unity among Muslim-majority states, using Iran and Saudi Arabia as a case. It explores how sectarian narratives and geopolitical rivalries inhibit regional cooperation despite shared religious identity. Using Social Constructivism and Contemporary Conflict Theory, this qualitative content analysis investigates how historical grievances, identity politics, and external interventions shaped the rivalry. Drawing on journals, policy texts, and official reports, the findings suggest that intra-Muslim cooperation is more likely where pluralistic identities, economic collaboration, and diplomatic dialogue prevail—while sectarianism, proxy wars, and hegemonic ambitions intensify conflict. The study contributes to peacebuilding literature by proposing culturally rooted frameworks for reconciliation and calls for reform in regional institutions like the OIC (Organization of Islamic Cooperation) to foster durable Muslim unity.

Keywords: Sectarianism Cooperation Conflict Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) Social Constructivism.

Title: Constructed Sectarianism and Strategic Rivalry: The Iran–Saudi Conflict and the Crisis of Intra-Muslim Cooperation

Author: DATU MODEN C. TALANDIG, DATU AL-ZAHID HANOK SALIK

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 13, Issue 3, July 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 232-248

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 21-August-2025

Abstract: Mary Wollstonecraft’s seminal work, “A Vindication of the Rights of Woman” laid the foundation for modern feminist thought by advocating for gender equality through rational education and social reform. This research critically analyses Wollstonecraft’s concept of gender equality as articulated in the text and examines its enduring relevance within contemporary feminist discourse. By scrutinizing her arguments on education, women’s rights, and social roles, the study explores how her ideas can be adapted to address ongoing gender equality challenges in the 21st century, including barriers in access to education and persistent gender stereotypes. Furthermore, the research investigates Wollstonecraft’s philosophical influence on modern feminist movements and policy frameworks aimed at achieving gender equity, highlighting the continuity and evolution of her legacy. Additionally, it assesses the alignment and divergence of Wollstonecraft’s vision with contemporary debates surrounding intersectionality, inclusivity, and the fluidity of gender identities, recognizing that modern feminist theory has expanded beyond binary gender constructs. This comprehensive analysis situates Wollstonecraft’s work as both a historical cornerstone and a dynamic reference point, emphasizing the ways in which her call for equality through education and reason remains vital for informing current feminist praxis and social justice initiatives. Ultimately, the study underscores the significance of revisiting Wollstonecraft’s ideas to enrich and challenge contemporary understandings of gender equality, contributing to a nuanced dialogue that bridges Enlightenment-era advocacy with the complexities of modern gender politics.

Keywords: Gender equality, Feminist educational philosophy, Enlightenment thought, 21st Century Education.

Title: CONTRIBUTIONS OF MARY WOLLSTONECRAFT: RETHINKING OF EDUCATIONAL IDEAS AND GENDER EQUALITY IN THE 21^ST CENTURY

Author: Pinaki Das

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 13, Issue 3, July 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 225-231

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 21-August-2025

Abstract: This study examined the effect of artificial intelligence (AI) on graduate employability in Delta State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional research design was employed, with data collected from 150 participants serving in the National Youth Service Corps in Oshimili South Local Government Area. Using a convenience sampling method, respondents completed a structured questionnaire with close-ended questions. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. Findings revealed that AI skills, literacy, and application all have significant positive effects on graduate employability, with correlation coefficients and regression results indicating a strong relationship (ß = 0.362, ß = 0.166, and ß = 0.349, respectively; P < 0.05 for each). These results suggest that AI competencies are essential for enhancing job prospects among graduates, aligning with the growing demand for tech-savvy professionals in the labor market. The study concludes that fostering AI-related skills among graduates can improve their employability and recommends integrating AI training, launching AI literacy programs, and increasing access to AI tools and resources as key strategies to support graduate employability in Delta State. 

Keywords: Artificial intelligence, employability, graduates, university, Nigeria.

Title: ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND EMPLOYABILITY OF UNIVERSITY GRADUATES IN NIGERIA

Author: Philo Ejemuvwo Adagha, Edward Eromafuru

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 13, Issue 3, July 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 214-224

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 19-August-2025

Abstract: Urban planning processes often marginalize people with disabilities, especially members of the Deaf community, due to limited accessibility in communication channels used in public consultations and decision-making forums. This review explores how real-time sign language interpretation technologies can be integrated into digital urban planning platforms to foster inclusive governance and participatory policymaking. It examines existing barriers to participation, technological advancements in real-time interpretation, and frameworks for inclusive design in civic technology. Drawing on interdisciplinary research from urban studies, disability rights, and digital accessibility innovation, the study highlights best practices and case studies where urban planning has been made more inclusive for deaf individuals. It also critiques existing digital platforms used in municipal planning and evaluates how they can be restructured to include accessible features such as live sign language interpretation, captioning, and user-centered design principles. The paper underscores the need for a policy shift towards equity in civic engagement and presents a strategic roadmap for embedding accessibility in smart city initiatives. Ultimately, this review advocates for participatory justice through inclusive technology, ensuring that the voices of the Deaf community are heard and valued in shaping urban futures.

Keywords:  Inclusive Urban Planning; Sign Language Interpretation; Deaf Community Participation; Accessible Digital Platforms; Civic Engagement Technology.

Title: Designing Inclusive Urban Planning Platforms Integrating Real-Time Sign Language Interpretation for Deaf Community Participation in Policymaking

Author: Franklin Chukwuemeka Izundu, Paul Okugo Imoh, Joy Onma Enyejo, Toyosi Motilola Olola

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 13, Issue 3, July 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 198-213

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 18-August-2025

Abstract: Objectives: Current generations of college students are experiencing elevated levels of stress and anxiety impacting them academically and at times continuing into their career paths. Graduate students, particularly those in demanding programs such as speech-language pathology (SLP), often struggle with managing academic and clinical stressors. Mindfulness training, particularly through programs like Koru Mindfulness (KM), has been suggested as an effective intervention for reducing stress and improving mental health outcomes in this population. This study examines the impact of a mindfulness curriculum based on KM integrated into an SLP program, focusing on how various facets of mindfulness predict perceived stress in the SLPs as graduates. Methods: A quantitative approach was used, with 33 SLP alumni completing surveys that measured mindfulness (via the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire), life experiences (via the Life Experiences Survey), and perceived stress (via the Perceived Stress Scale). Results: Facets of mindfulness, including acting with awareness and nonjudgmental attitude, were significant predictors of lower perceived stress. Furthermore, mindfulness training during graduate school was reported as beneficial by most participants, with many continuing to practice mindfulness post-graduation. Conclusions: These findings suggest that mindfulness training could play a key role in helping SLP professionals manage stress both during their academic careers and into practice. The study also highlights the need for further research on the long-term effects of mindfulness interventions in professional education, particularly in healthcare fields like speech-language pathology.

Keywords: mindfulness, stress reduction, speech language pathology, five facet mindfulness questionnaire.

Title: Facets of Mindfulness and Stress Reduction in Speech Language Pathologists

Author: Amy Walters, Kristen Barta, Germaine Ferreira

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 13, Issue 3, July 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 189-197

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Published Date: 16-August-2025

Abstract: This article aimed to explore the personality types and motivational factors that influence Licensed Professional Teachers (LPTs) to shift into non-teaching roles.  A total of ten (10) LPTs participated in the study, with nine (9) employed in the private sector and one (1) from the public sector. Qualitative research was employed, specifically utilizing the case study method.  Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, and thematic analysis techniques.  Most participants were female, aged between 26 and 27, and held bachelor’s degrees.  They typically held full-time administrative roles in the private sector, earning monthly salaries ranging from 15,000 to 30,000 pesos.  The most prevalent personality types identified were ISTJ (Introverted, Sensing, Thinking, Judging) and ESTJ (Extraverted, Sensing, Thinking, Judging)—both of which are associated with being logical, detail-oriented, and dependable. Additionally, key extrinsic motivations for shifting careers included the DepEd recruitment process, competitive compensation, and better work-life balance.  Intrinsic motivation was largely driven by the pursuit of personal fulfillment.  The study's findings highlight the importance of individualized career pathing programs for freshmen teacher education students, particularly those who are evaluating their future choices. Meanwhile, in response to increased career shifting among Licensed Professional Teachers (LPTs), it suggests offering MBTI assessments alongside entrance and qualifying tests at the start of the academic year, followed by workshops and seminars at the end of the first year. These findings can help the Office of Student Affairs (OSA) and other stakeholders develop responsive, personality-based support services. The researcher recommends that flexible workshops and counseling should also be offered to help teacher education students match their strengths with their career ambitions. Finally, collaboration among administrators, faculty, psychologists, and guidance counselors is critical for increasing teacher education students' commitment to the teaching profession and promoting long-term growth.

Keywords: personality type, motivational factors, career shift, Licensed Professional Teachers, non-teaching roles, MBTI, career pathing program.

Title: Personality Type and Motivational Factors Affecting Career Shift among Licensed Professional Teachers

Author: Marie Shiel Idanan Pascual

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 13, Issue 3, July 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 181-188

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 07-August-2025

Abstract: In today’s data-driven workplace, employee sentiment has emerged as a critical indicator of organizational health. This paper examines how sentiment analysis, powered by natural language processing, can transform HR feedback and review systems into strategic tools for enhancing workforce morale and strengthening internal communication. By analyzing textual data from performance reviews, surveys, and open-ended feedback, organizations can uncover patterns in employee emotions, engagement, and satisfaction that often go unnoticed in traditional HR assessments. The study outlines key theoretical foundations linking emotional intelligence, motivation, and communication with sentiment analytics. It further explores practical applications such as early detection of dissatisfaction, personalized HR interventions, and leadership alignment with workforce mood trends. Ethical considerations, including data privacy and transparency, are also addressed. Ultimately, this paper presents sentiment analysis not just as a technological enhancement, but as a catalyst for building more responsive, empathetic, and communicative organizational cultures.

Keywords: Workforce Morale, Organizational Communication, HR, Sentiment Analysis, Review Systems.

Title: Enhancing Workforce Morale and Organizational Communication through Sentiment Analysis in HR Feedback and Review Systems

Author: Diana Ussher-Eke, Favour Ojochide Raphael, Onuh Matthew Ijiga, Joy Onma Enyejo

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 13, Issue 3, July 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 167-180

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Published Date: 29-July-2025

Abstract: The convergence of artificial intelligence (AI), software-defined networking (SDN), and cybersecurity has opened new avenues for protecting critical infrastructure systems against increasingly sophisticated cyber threats. This review explores how emerging entrepreneurial ventures are pioneering AI-driven solutions for anomaly detection within SDN architectures, particularly in sectors like energy, transportation, and healthcare. By decoupling control and data planes, SDN offers centralized programmability that enhances network agility but also introduces new vulnerabilities. AI techniques—such as machine learning, deep learning, and neural networks—have been adopted by cybersecurity startups to build scalable and adaptive anomaly detection frameworks that mitigate these vulnerabilities in real time. This paper examines the landscape of entrepreneurial innovation, highlighting case studies of startups that leverage AI to enhance threat detection, automate response mechanisms, and provide predictive security analytics in SDN environments. Emphasis is placed on the integration of zero-trust principles, edge intelligence, and decentralized detection architectures. Furthermore, the paper analyzes the commercial viability, scalability, and deployment challenges of these solutions, as well as their implications for regulatory compliance and cyber resilience. The findings highlight the growing significance of entrepreneurial ecosystems in driving technological advancements that safeguard critical infrastructure against evolving cyber risks.

Keywords: AI-Driven Anomaly Detection; Software-Defined Networking (SDN); Critical Infrastructure Security; Cybersecurity Entrepreneurship; Zero-Trust Architecture.

Title: Entrepreneurial Innovations in AI-Driven Anomaly Detection for Software-Defined Networking in Critical Infrastructure Security

Author: Chima Nwankwo Idika, Joy Onma Enyejo, Onuh Matthew Ijiga, Nonso Okika

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 13, Issue 3, July 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 150-166

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 24-July-2025