Vol 7 Issue 2 April 2019-June 2019

Abstract: This study aimed at analyzing the language needs for students of the High Institute of Administrative Services at workplace, Target Situation Analysis (TSA). Language needs at work place will be defined and compared to the current English language-training program applied in the institute to suggest more improvement by utilizing the most recent ESP theories in needs analysis particularly in target situation analysis TASA. To analyze the language needs at workplace the researcher developed a questionnaire current training program applied defined and evaluated in terms of effectiveness and productivity for student's future. after conducting a pilot surveying by distribution thirty-five questionnaires to students graduates from the institute at their work places the results were carefully studied to determine areas need more clarifications and questions need to be restructured to avoid ambiguity. A final revised questionnaire was built and distributed again to the same study samples. The questionnaire consists of 12 questions to elicit information about current training program nature, in terms of pre-training preparations, while training and post training methods and techniques, to determine whether the training program was designed to meet job language requirements and whether the training program is up to date to meet those requirements. The linguistics required at work place is determined by allocating some of the questionnaire's questions to provide for linguistics components needed at work place.

Keywords: Target situation needs. Present situation needs. Needs analysis, ESP.

Title: Designing an effective English for Special Purposes course for The High Institute of Administrative Services students based on their potential job language needs

Author: Hanaa Salem Hamad Al-Majren

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: This study aimed to determine the difficulties experienced by grade nine students in geometry. A total of 30 grade nine students participated in answering the open-ended questionnaire and Focus Group Discussion. The results of the study revealed that students like mathematics more specifically geometry. They recognize the importance of the subject. However, some students find it difficult. They find mathematics and even geometry abstract and boring. However, some students said that they like geometry because they like their geometry teacher. According to them, their geometry teacher teaches well the subject. They also like the subject because, they like geometrical figures, they like sketching and drawing of these figures. On the other hand, they don’t like the subject because according to them the subject is difficult. Reasoning and proving are very difficult for them. This means that they lack logical and critical thinking and they are poor in this aspect. Furthermore, geometry is difficult for them because they cannot recall the postulates and theorems that they need to support for different reasons. Along with this line, it is recommended that geometry teachers are encouraged to continue motivating their students to pay attention and put more interest in mathematics especially geometry. Geometry teachers are also encouraged to develop learning exercises in reasoning and proving so that performance of the students on this topic will be improved.

Keywords: Difficulties, Geometry, Grade nine students, Qualitative analysis.

Title: A Qualitative Analysis of Grade Nine Students Difficulties in Geometry

Author: Rona L. Parreῆo, Eliseo P. Marpa

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Uprisings swept across the Arab world to outcast their long serving leaders vying for change in political structure in late 2010 and early 2011 came to be known as Arab Spring. These effects also reached Syria, where the people lined up to overthrow their leader President Bashar Al Assad, whose family has been in power since 1970. Peaceful protests turned violent by crackdown of the protest through extreme means, ultimately lead to deadly civil war in the country. Arms resistance against the government became the only solution as situation turned ugly. Failure of state institutions became a breeding ground for terrorist groups particularly the rise of Islamic State. Foreign mercenaries began traveling to Syria to establish a Caliphate. Although, most of ISIS has been wiped out, still the war is going on and reached in its ninth year. It has caused 400000 plus deaths and around 10 million displaced internally and externally. Russian intervention lead to the defeat of rebel groups and the war is entering its final stage. Many foreign powers with their interests are involved in the conflict including US, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Iran, Turkey and many others countries. Kurds the ethnic minority in the country has formed its own autonomous region.

Keywords: Arab Spring, ISIS, New cold war, Russia versus USA, South West Asia.

Title: Geopolitics of Syrian Civil War and Changing Map of Middle East

Author: Khulem Vikash, Ripudaman Singh

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: The general purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of electronic revenue system on local Government revenue collection in Arusha city council in Tanzania. The research was based on the assumption that, there was no significant relationship between electronic revenue system and local government revenue collection in Tanzania. Specifically, the study sought to assessment the effects of point of sale devices, effects of mobile payment system and the effects of max malipo payment system on local Government revenue collection in Tanzania. The study used explanatory research design to explore the relationship between variables. The target population was Arusha city council’s officers and stakeholders specifically city treasurer(s), economists, trade officers, revenue collection agents and traders whereby sample size of 70 respondents were purposively selected from three department of Arusha city council agents and traders to represent employees of local government authorities in Tanzania . Reliability of research instruments was analyzed using SPSS and scaled through Cronbach alpha (α) coefficient while validity of questionnaires and interview guide were tested to validate, face validity and content validity. However pilot test was done by distributing nine (9) questionnaire equals to 13% of the total sample size of respondents to validate the appropriateness of research instrument. Data was screened and organized and later on, Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) and Microsoft excel were used to analyze data of which multiple regressions was used to indicate correlation of variables whereby inferential statistics: mean, standard deviation, frequencies and percentages were used to describe findings. Data were presented through graphs, charts, and tables to quantify research findings. Therefore the study found that the adoption of electronic revenue system such as Point of Sale devices and mobile payment system,  substantially increase revenue collection beyond the target, despite of elimination of max malipo payment system due to system fragility. Furthermore the study concluded that there is significant relationship between electronic revenue systems and revenue collection in Tanzania. The study recommend that Arusha City Council should ensure availability of POS devices to all revenue sources, impose technology for revenue control mechanism such as camera and electronic card as used in toll services. There should be simplified bureaucracy of issuing control number to motivate service users. However, other researchers could further investigate on the contribution and challenges facing each electronic revenue system on revenue collection in local Government authorities.

Keywords: Electronic Revenue System, Point of sale devices, Mobile payment, Max Malipo, Local Government authorities, Local government revenue.

Title: EFFECT OF ELECTRONIC REVENUE SYSTEM ON LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVENUE COLLECTION IN TANZANIA: A CASE OF ARUSHA CITY COUNCIL

Author: Salum Ibrahim Kanyungu, Dr. David Aunga

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Various construction firms have used project management skills and techniques as a means of bridging the gap between failure and success in implementation of projects. Despite this increased awareness of construction project management skills, by these construction firms, projects still fail. The purpose of the study was to establish the influence of project management skills on performance of construction projects in Tanzania regarding construction firms based within Mwanza. The study targeted selected construction firms within the Mwanza city and especially the ones that deal with the major projects that have high impacts to the country economy currently being undertaken within the city. The study adopted a descripto-explanatory research design covering a target population of 117 staffs working at the construction firms in Mwanza. Questionnaires used in data collection instrument from a simple random sample of 47 respondents. The study employed both quantitative and qualitative research in its data analysis. Data collected were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Descriptive statistics aided in creating frequency distributions and determining variable significance while inferential statistics was used to establish the relationships between the variables under study. The quantitative data generated will be analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS) computer programme. The study found out indeed project management skills influence performance of construction projects in Tanzania regarding construction firms based within Mwanza. The study revealed that projects are constrained by inadequate planning skills that are required for effective planning for project success; project planning is complicated and risky, hence requires varying skills sets for successful project implementation and management. The study concluded that adequate professional and technical skills required in project management is an important foundation for ensuring the success of each project. Proper project management practices such as planning, risk management, and monitoring and control seek to cushion the project against present and potential risks or failure. However, the study recommends that construction firms at Mwanza must ensure that adequate plans and resources exist to recruit, motivate, train and develop employees; key risk management skills are needed to hedge projects against many uncertainties i.e. resource shortage, contractors’ inability to meet completion dates and other types of risks. Mwanza construction firms; should monitor and evaluate projects adequately, and develop monitoring mechanisms.

Keywords: Project Planning Skills, Communication Skills, Risk Management Skills, Monitoring and Control Skills, Project Performance.

Title: PROJECT MANAGEMENT SKILLS AND PERFORMANCE OF CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IN TANZANIA; A CASE OF SELECTED CONSTRUCTION FIRMS IN MWANZA

Author: Leah Kisamo, Dr. Samuel Obino Mokaya

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: In this article, the author want to convey to the audience the system of government in Africa, which is fully dominated by tribal ethnic affiliation. Most of the leaders overstayed in office because they garner support from their tribal loyalties.Most incumbent have ruled for 30 to 44 years or for life; and most head states and governments in Africa do not have respect for the rule of law, human right, freedom of speeches and expression. They also used patronage and the politics of ethnic identity to keep them in power. The term tribal democracy was coined for the first time by the conceding presidential candidate of Namibia during the presidential election of 1994, when the majority tribes voted against the minority tribe candidate. In Nigeria the Igbo against Hausa, Kenya Kuyukiyu against Luo, in Sudan Jaalyin and against other tribes, and South Sudan Dinka against Nuers and other minority tribes and in Rwanda between Hutus and Tutsi. Election in Africa is a tribal pride, and defeat of the presidential candidate is like a defeat of the whole tribe, that is why Professor Patrick Lulumba stated that, election in Africa is a census to determine which tribe has more population than another tribe. This system of electoral democracy is prevalent in most of the African countries. Many African countries use tribal democracy to elect their tribe men.

Keywords: Tribal Democracy, human right, freedom, electoral democracy.

Title: Tribal Democracy in Africa: The Incumbents are the Winner of the Election

Author: Louis M Nyarsuk, Dr. S. Thanigaivelan

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Nation and state building in the world took different forms. Some were annexed by the military, whereas others came together to form a state in a unitary system like in Canada. With the abolition or diminishing of tribes in Europe, the Europeans countries have acculturated into a western pattern of the Society; though there is still ethnic polarization in the western world on a peripheral level. Canada, USA,  German, France, Italy, Britain, and Scandanavians countries had waged civil wars before the States’ formation. One of the main reasons for political stability in these western countries is because they have formed a strong institution of government, democracy, good governance and the rule of law. According to (Cooter (2012) the foundation of the nation-state requires the rule of law and good governance and accountability. He used a metaphor of the termites on the foundation to refer to most of the African Countries that are ruled by dictators and lack a proper foundation a view concurred by Fukuyama (1998). Most African countries nation and state formation were based on the tribal affiliation, and the politics of ethnic identity, patronage, corruption, nepotism, patrimonial and political polarization. How can the national inculcate the spirit of nationalism and patriotism, if most the presidents are promoting tribalism and nepotism in the country?

Keywords: Nation and state building, ethnic identity, patronage, corruption, nepotism, patrimonial, political polarization.

Title: Nation and State Building in Africa and the termites in the foundation

Author: Louis M Nyarsuk, Dr. S. Thanigaivelan

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: South Sudan was a closed district during the Turko-Egyptian rule in Sudan from 1821-1889 and British-Egyptian condominium rule from1989-1956. South Sudan was partly colonized by Belgium,  the Lado Enclave what is now known as Equatoria was a separate region of Sudan. Whereas, the Bahr El Ghazal and Upper Nile were colonized by the French, until 1878-1910, the British kept the South Sudan as a close district from the rest of Sudan, administered by the Governor-general. It was in 1954 and after the Juba conference of 1947 before independent that, South Sudan was annexed to North Sudan. The British had wanted to annex South Sudan to East Africa, especially to Uganda. But there was no positive response from the East African countries, besides, the Arabs influence the British and the South Sudanese during the Juba conference of 1947 and 1954 to annex South Sudan to Sudan. South Sudan succeeded from northern Sudan in 2011 during the referendum for the self-determination of the South- Sudan. The reason for the separation of South Sudan from the north was due to ethnic, religious, racial, linguistic and cultural bifurcation among the two nations. The author will explore various theories on ethnicities, and whether ethnicity is the cause of conflict, especially in Africa. The author will also elucidate in detail how ethnic and party politics in Africa is based on ethnic line, which breeds conflict, polarization, and split of some countries into two States.

Keywords: Ethnic Chauvinism, Polarization, religious, South Sudan.

Title: Ethnic Chauvinism and Polarization in Africa: Sudan and South Sudan

Author: Louis M Nyarsuk, Dr. S. Thanigaivelan

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Student support services in distance education play a very crucial role for the success of the system as well as the progression curve of the learners. Maximum thrust is therefore put  to this area by Distance Education Institutions world over. Student Support Services (SSS) are a cluster of facilities and activities that are provided to make the learning process easier and more interesting for the learner. In distance education, they serve as the interface between the institution and the learner. The effective provision of the SSS is now widely and increasingly being recognized as an essential component of any open and distance learning system.  Over the years there is huge expansion in the  DE system resulting in the enormous challenges in providing Support services .The major challenges that confronts DE system are mainly in terms of Quantitative  Expansion and Quality control. This paper shall give an over view of different challenges faced by DE Institutions as far as providing support services is concerned. Some basic issues that underlie support mechanism in DE system  are also described for bringing synergy.

Keywords:  Support Support Services, Distance Education (DE), ICT, EDUSAT, CD-ROM, IGNOU, Gyan Vani, Gyan Darshan, Counselling, Quality Assurance.

Title: Support Services in Distance Education: Issues and Challenges

Author: Dr. Suresh Kumar Tripathy

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: The government through its employees manages and allocates resources to the citizenry through the various public institutions. Hence, the need to have proper and efficient monitoring mechanisms on performance of the public officers and factors contributing to unrealized targets.  The main objective of the study was to establish the influence of employee benefits on Employee Performance in the State Corporations in Kenya. The study was guided by three theories which include; Abraham Maslow’s, Hertzberg’s, Vrooms’ expectancy, scientific management, Adams Equity Reinforcement and goal setting theories. The study used descriptive and explanatory research designs and targeted 6 respondents from the 107 sampled state corporations totaling to 642. The probability and non-probability sampling was adopted and the study used stratified sampling and purposive sampling. The questionnaire reliability was checked with the use of Cronbach alpha ratio and SPSS prepared and undertook the procedure of converting data in to information referred to as analysis. This was checked at 95% significance level through application of regression analysis and results were presented and discussed through pie charts, pie charts, graphs, bar charts and tables. In summary, the findings indicated that most state corporations are keen to offer benefits to the employees that include retirement benefits and medical cover.  The respondents also pointed out that their organizations had staff welfare scheme that would be able to assist their employees in their social issues. However, it was noted that employees’ needs were not met fully by the welfare schemes.

Keywords: Reward Management Practices, Employee Benefits, Employee Performance, State Corporations.

Title: INFLUENCE OF EMPLOYEE BENEFITS ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN THE STATE CORPORATIONS IN KENYA

Author: Regina Wairimu Kamwenji, Dr. Patrick Karanja Ngugi, PhD, Dr. Mary Kamaara, PhD, Professor Romanus Odhiambo

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Kenya aspires to attain sustained and high growth in economy in line with employment by the government, creating wealth and reducing poverty to conform with 2030 vision. To achieve this, the public sector which is the biggest employer must monitor the performance of its employees. The main objective of the study was to establish the influence of financial rewards on Employee Performance in the State Corporations in Kenya. The study was guided by three theories which include; Abraham Maslow’s, Hertzberg’s, Vrooms’ expectancy, scientific management, Adams Equity Reinforcement and goal setting theories. The study used descriptive and explanatory research designs and targeted 6 respondents from the 107 sampled state corporations totaling to 642. The study undertook a pilot study to pretest and validate the questionnaire. The probability and non-probability sampling was adopted and the study used stratified sampling and purposive sampling. The findings showed that financial rewards moderately influence employee performance. The study recommends that organizations should seriously and keenly consider reward management practices such as pay rise to promote a healthy competition among the employees as each will strive to work harder and give result in order to receive better pay or increase in their salary.

Keywords: Reward Management Practices, Financial Rewards, Employee Performance, State Corporations.

Title: INFLUENCE OF FINANCIAL REWARDS ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN THE STATE CORPORATIONS IN KENYA

Author: Regina Wairimu Kamwenji, Dr. Patrick Karanja Ngugi, PhD, Dr. Mary Kamaara, PhD, Professor Romanus Odhiambo

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research  

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: With the implementation of the persons with Disabilities Act (PWD), 1995 mental retardation has been recognized as a disability with an identity of its own. A survey was conducted in which 40 families were involved in the study. Results showed that the people living in urban areas are more aware of the care that has to be taken during pregnancy to avoid the birth of a mentally challenged child and they are also more aware of the later care that has to be taken of the special child.

Keywords: special child, mental retardation, parents, PWD Act.

Title: Awareness among Parents Regarding the Care for their Special Child in Rural and Urban India

Author: Payal Banerjee

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Women presidents of state run universities and colleges in Central Mindanao are seldom found. This is a phenomenon that has been long observed in the region with diverse culture, religion, and customs, where patriarchal system dominates.

This study aimed to discover and describe the leadership experience of women presidents of state universities and colleges. It utilized the qualitative method and employed the phenomenological design.

The participants were the three women presidents of state universities and colleges in Central Mindanao. The instruments used were the interview questions reinforced by participants’ curriculum vitae, the demographic profile, their written outputs and the researcher’s journal where interviews were recorded.

The findings reveal that as women in power, all of them attested that their parents played a key role in the formation of qualities which made them effective leaders. As to their productivity as women leaders in the academe, the three of them averred that their leadership knowledge and skills were developed through education, training and experience. Regarding the challenges they encountered while serving as presidents, they asserted that they view them with a positive outlook as they consider themselves as proactive leaders.

The results of the study led to the conclusion that the success of women presidents as leaders is greatly influenced by their parents’ caring attitude, support in their endeavors, and guidance in valuing education. Another conclusion drawn is that the “interiority” embedded in the personal and professional attributes, the intrinsic motivation and the passion to serve has a positive impact in bringing these women leaders to the highest position in the structure of state universities and colleges.

One major recommendation which connects to the findings of the study is that educational institutions should conduct continuing leadership trainings and activities to enhance the capabilities and skills of the teachers, especially the females who are potential leaders, to prepare themselves to accept leadership roles.

The passage to leadership for government higher educational institution in Central Mindanao has a complicated and confusing system, but these women have discovered the maze; their personal and professional attributes brought them to the highest post in the patriarchal dominant milieu: firm but flexible, undisturbed, and directed.

Keywords: discover, maze, women, president, state universities and colleges, Central Mindanao, journey, attributes, experiences, personal, professional, patriarchal, siblings.

Title: DISCOVERING THE MAZE: WOMEN PRESIDENTS OF STATE COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES OF REGION 12, Author: Alfonso B. Mana-ay, EdD

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Teen friendships tend to be based on personal similarity, acceptance and sharing. Relationships with friends of the same gender are the norm during high school. During the period of adolescence friendships become more intense, close and supportive. Certain important components like Loyalty, Honesty, Sense of Humour, Communication and flexibility influence a good relationship.

Aim: The aim of the current study is to explore the relationship between Friendship and Sense of Humour among Late Adolescence and Early Adulthood.

Methods: The population included in this study was Early Adolescent and Young Adult Students, The sampling method used in this study was Purposive Sampling. Tools used in this study was “Dimension of Friendship” developed by Chanda in the year 1986 and “Sense of Humour” (SQH-6) developed by Sven Svebak in the year 2015. Mean, Standard deviation and Correlation were used to analyze the data.

Results: The findings of this study reveals that there was no significant difference between Friendship and Sense of Humour. And Gender difference exist only in the dimension Mutual Assistance and not in other Dimensions. There was no significant relationship between Social dimension, Enjoyment and Mutual Assistance and no high level of Cognitive dimension and Understanding was found in this study.

Conclusion: The conclusion of this study reveals that there is no relationship between friendship and sense of humour. This shows that the role of Humour in friendship is not much important as other factors. Gender difference in the dimension Mutual Assistance reveals that females tend to involve more in helping each other in friendship than males. This may be because there is no previous study supporting these two variables Sense of Humour and Friendship.

Keywords: Friendship, Sense of Humour, Relationship, Adolescence.

Title: FRIENDSHIP AND SENSE OF HUMOUR AMONG LATE ADOLESCENCE AND EARLY ADULTHOOD- A CORRELATION STUDY

Author: Nandhini E, Nancy M

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: The general objective of this study was to assess the effects of MPESA adoption on financial performance of small and medium enterprises in Mombasa County. The specific objectives were to examine the effects of transaction cost, risk management, mobile payment and mobile finance on small and medium enterprises. Traditional theory of financial innovation, financial constraints theory, transaction cost innovation theory and strategic theory of financial innovation were used for the study. This study was aiming to ascertain effects of M-PESA adoption on financial performance of small and medium enterprises in Mombasa County. The transaction cost, risk management, mobile payment and mobile finance were independent variable and financial performance was dependent variable. The study findings were helpful to investment in small and medium enterprises. To achieve these results, both primary data and secondary data were collected for the study. The target population comprised of 80 small and medium enterprises in Mombasa County. A sample size of 76 small and medium enterprises was drawn from the target population.  Primary data was collected using questionnaire and data analysis was done using descriptive statistics. Secondary data was collected, using journals and articles which were used to gather information. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to establish the nature of relationship between dependent variable and independent variables. The study established that transaction cost, risk management, mobile payments and mobile finance had positive significant influence on the financial performance of SMEs. Therefore, the research recommended that mobile money service providers should encourage SMEs traders to adopt the use of MPESA adoption through enhanced advertisement.

Keywords: M-PESA, SME, Influence, adoption.

Title: EFFECTS OF M-PESA ADOPTION ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN MOMBASA COUNTY

Author: Josiah Kyalo Mutuku, Dr. Aggrey Adem, PhD, Muturi Muthara

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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