Vol 3 Issue 4 October 2015-December 2015

Abstract: The α-amylase inhibition potential of extracts of Kedrostis foetidissima (Jacq.)cogn. was determined  through Dinitro salicylic acid method. The IE50 of all eight extracts show excellent inhibition activity.IE50 of the extracts ranges from 21.02 µg/ml (KFSEA) to 37.14 µg/ml (KFSPE). Ethyl acetate and ethanol extract  show excellent inhibition efficiency at 30 µg/ml which is comparatively higher than  that of the standard drug  Acarbose revealing this plant to be a potent natural remedy for diabetic patients, without side effects.

Keywords: Antidiabetic, Kedrostis foetidissima, α-amylase.

Title: Screening of Kedrostis Foetidissima (Jacq.) Cogn. Extracts for Α-Amylase Inhibition

Author: AMUTHA MUTHUSAMY, LALITHA POTTAIL

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

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Abstract: Carbon sequestration is still a challenging problem for us. It leads the greenhouse effect or climate change. The sustainable growth of any country required to minimize the emission of Carbon dioxide by capturing, storing or reuse of atmospheric carbon dioxide and altering the raw material of the process. Carbon capture and sequestration is an area with great potential. The technologies of carbon sequestration mainly based on the prevention of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere and the removal of CO2 in the atmosphere. There are mainly three ways namely energy efficiency, lower carbon fuels and carbon sequestration to reduce the emission of Greenhouse gas (GHG). Now a Carbon Sequestration process is a promising path to control the greenhouse gases effect. This paper emphasized an overview of the Carbon Sequestration and concentrates on innovative sequestration concepts for longer-term solutions. It describes long term storage of CO2 or other forms of carbon to either mitigate or defer global warming and avoid dangerous climate change.

Keywords: Carbon dioxide, GHG, Carbon sequestration, reuse of atmospheric carbon dioxide, Terrestrial Sequestration, Geologic sequestration, ocean Sequestration.

Title: An Overview Idea on Carbon Sequestration

Author: Anil Kumar

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

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Abstract: Chlorinated herbicides are some of the most common types of pesticides used to control unwanted plants while allowing the desired fauna to grow and prosper. At Lake Woodruff Wildlife Refuge in DeLeon Springs, Florida, these chlorinated herbicides are used to cover vast acres of protected marsh to create strong living environments for migrating waterfowl. However, in recent years, the amount of waterfowl visiting the refuge has steadily declined. During a comprehensive test of the water quality of the Lake Woodruff Wildlife Refuge, large amounts of Triclopyr (a commonly used chlorinated herbicide) were found in the impoundments. These quantities of Triclopyr were found to be at potentially harmful levels to fish and macroinvertebrates at the refuge.  This could lead to a lack of food for waterfowl, making Lake Woodruff Wildlife Refuge a less desirable place for migration.

Keywords: Chlorinated herbicides, DeLeon Springs, Florida, Lake Woodruff Wildlife Refuge.

Title: The Detection of Chlorinated Herbicides at Lake Woodruff Wildlife Refuge and Their Effects on Waterfowl

Author: Vanna Blasczak, Adam Cooper, Tracy-Lynn Cleary

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

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Abstract: Sapindus mukorossi is an extremely valuable cultivated medicinal plant which is mostly found in hilly regions of India. It is commonly called as Soap nut or reetha belongs to Sapindaceae family, distributed in tropical and sub-tropical regions of Asia. They wide spread in plant species and are distributed throughout the bark, leaves, stems, roots and flowers. In recent years, the use of this plant promoted considerable attention because of their various biological and pharmalogical activities. Therefore the aim of the present review is to discuss the salient features of plants in various field. And highlights its different activities based on recent studies.

Keywords: Sapindus mukorossi, chemical content, Pharmacology, biological activity.

Title: A Review of Recent and Current Research Studies on the Biological and Pharmalogical Activities of Sapindus Mukorossi

Author: Shital M.Sonawane, Harsha Sonawane

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

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Abstract: The study was designed to assess the Hypolipidaemic and Hypoglycaemic function of watermelon seed extracts in Streptozocin induced Diabetic Albino rats. Total of twenty rats were randomly allocated into three (3) groups of five (5) rats each; Non Diabetic Control, Diabetic Control and the Diabetes treated with 200mg of watermelon seed extracts for a period of 28 days. Diabetes was induced by single intraperitonial injection of Streptozocin (60mg/kg b.w). After 28th treatment, the rats were sacrificed under Diethyl ether anaesthesia and the blood was collected directly from heart. Serum concentration of glucose, Cholesterol, Triglycerides, HDL and LDL of all the animals in each group were determined. The results shows a significant  reduction (p<0.05) of Fasting glucose, cholesterol, TG and LDL cholesterol of Diabetic treated with 200mg concentration of seed extracts when compared with Normal and Diabetic Controls. In Conclusion, watermelon seed extract therefore exhibits both Hypolipidaemic and Hypoglycaemic property. 

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Lipid Profile, Watermelon seed extracts, Fasting Blood sugar.

Title: Effects of Watermelon Seed Extracts on Fasting Lipid Profile in Streptozocin Induced Diabetic Albino Rats

Author: Muhammad, Y., Saidu, A.Y., Muazu, S., Wali, U., Yeldu, M.H., Abubakar N, Umar, F.A, A, Muhammad, Bako, H

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

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Abstract: The objective of Ar-Rahnu scheme is to establish an alternative channel of financing especially to a conventional pawn broking. The operational of Ar-Rahnu scheme is more transparent, ethical and at the same time, satisfying the Shariah requirements. Beside, the scheme is hope to contribute to the development of the Malaysian economic-socio (including all races and religions) through micro credit finance and to increase the Islamic banking products in parallel with the government goals to develop an Islamic financial system which cover all financial aspects including banking, insurances and capital market.This research aim to investigate the key factors influencing customers to use Al Rahnu.Quantative research through survey questionare was conducted to achieve objective. The frequency analyses of demographic for 107 respondents involved in this survey.Finding showed  that the factor of ‘Shariah View’ dominated the choices of the respondents as their preferences on the Ar-Rahnu scheme. Elements of “Al Quran and Sunnah as a souce of business ”,“ operations based on Islamic law and principle ”,“ interest free and “uncertainties free” ranked in the top tenth place as important to the respondents. Others factors are ‘Customer Service’: “issuance of receipt”, “security of transactions”, “fair treatment upon all religion”, and “customer’s confidentiality”; and the factor of ‘Pledge Asset’: “pawner’s belongings” and “all type of gold”.

Keywords: Key Factors influencing customers, Ar-Rahnu scheme.

Title: Key Factors Influencing Customers to Use Ar-Rahnu (Islamic Pawn Shop) In Malaysia: Evidence from Bank Rakyat

Author: Mohamad Abd Hamid, Ishak Abd Rahman, Ahmad Nafis Abd Halim

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

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Abstract: The financial and natural maintainability of arrangements relative to nanotechnology are generally up until now obscure and some innovative arrangements carry with them prevalent challenges that act as threat to manufacturing and product design. Therefore, the requirement for improvement of moderate and safe methods for tending to worldwide difficulties, in territories, for example, vitality, environment and wellbeing, has never been appealing. These dangers need relief as a firm establishment for propelling nanotechnology solutions. For instance, while speculations to build up nanotechnology prevail, as found in the past, it is still troublesome for stakeholders to survey the depth at which research ventures are adequate and very much focused on and possible return and the influence of the technology exploration on societal and monetary goals. On the other hand, the high cost of Nano-manufacturing is a deterrent to improvements and the difficulties confronting integrated Nano-manufacturing systems represent an innately multi-disciplinary arrangement of issues tending to problems for working with structures in specific administrations.

Keywords: Nano-manufacturing, Product Design, Nanotechnology, Nano-manufacturing systems, Challenges, Threats, Society, Environment, Production, Markets, Costs, Safety.

Title: Nano-Manufacturing and Product Design: Practical Solutions to Current Manufacturing Challenges

Author: Sofiya Hidzhazi

 International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

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Abstract: High carbon fly ash is a waste material, which has not been adequately utilised. This research explored the possibility of utilising the material in conjunction with soil for wall construction of low cost housing.  An optimum quantity of high carbon fly ash was added to the shell and a substantial quantity to the core of a shelled compressed earth block. Appropriate laboratory tests were conducted to investigate the behaviour and properties of the masonry unit. Results of Tests showed adequate compressive strength of 4.2 N/mm2 and a stable condition of masonry unit upon exposure to moisture. This is a part of the expanded construction opportunities of an on-going research in compressed earth technology.

Keywords: Compressed Earth, High-carbon Fly-ash, Shelled Compressed Earth Block, Durability, Sustainability.

Title: High Carbon Fly ash and Soil in Shelled Compressed Earth Masonry Units

Author: C. Egenti, J. M. Khatib, D. Oloke

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

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Abstract: This paper elaborates simple and efficient technique to manufacture mineral insulated cable indigenously. At present very few industries in India are manufacturing this type of cables. These cables are very important for power and signal transmission in high temperature environment. It is equally important to make thermocouples also. We have made an attempt to manufacture mineral insulated cable indigenously of 12mm OD, 2 cores for power application.

Keywords: MI Cable, MgO, swaging, annealing.

Title: Indigenization of Mineral Insulated Cable for Heaters

Author: Sitangshu Sekhar Biswas, J.Ganesh Kumar, Susrutha K.S., Amzad Pasha

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

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Abstract: Background: Edible salt is the most commonly used food additive worldwide. Therefore, any contamination of table salt could be a health hazard. In rural areas of Zambia most of the edible salts are traditionally processed and there is no proper purification to reduce contamination arising from environmental contaminants.

Objectives: The main objective this study was to determine essential elements and heavy metal contaminants in traditionally processed unrefined table salt samples consumed in Kaputa, Kasempa  and Mpika districts and to compare them with commercially prepared refined salts and the standards established for human health.

Materials and Methods: Three traditionally processed table salt samples namely Chibwa, Kaputa and Ingwe were sourced from the local markets in Mpika, Kaputa and Kasempa districts respectively and analysis of various trace metals was done using the standard methods.

Results: Copper content in Kaputa (2.22ug/g) and Chibwa (2.32ug/g) salt was slightly higher than the maximum codex set standard of 2.0ug/g.In addition iron content in Kaputa salt (14.98 ug/g) was higher than the maximum acceptable level. Lead content in all the samples analysed was within the acceptable limits, while Cadmium content was higher in the commercially processed coarse salt sample (0.58ug/g) than the traditionally processed salts. The mean magnesium content in commercially processed salts (Fine and Corse) (0.64ug/g) was lower than the traditionally processed salts (2.88ug/g).Kaputa salt had exceedingly very high potassium content (2238ug/g) than all the samples analyzed. Among the traditional salts, chibwa salt had the highest iodine content (46.60ug/g) comparable to that of commercial coarse salt, which had the same iodine content.

Conclusion: Traditionally processed edible salts compared very well with the commercially processed edible salts and in some circumstances, the levels of some elements like cadmium where found to be higher in commercial salts than in traditionally processed salts. Chibwa salt from Mpika had very acceptable iodine content and therefore it’s an ideal salt to be used in rural areas where iodine fortification is not done.

Keywords: Edible salt, Sodium Chloride, Copper, lead, Iodine, Iron, Cadmium.

Title: Evaluation of Essential Elements and Trace Metal Contaminants in Commercial and Traditional Edible Salts in Zambia

Author: N Siulapwa, A. Mwambungu

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations,

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

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Abstract: This study aims at accessing the impact of micro financing on small scale enterprises in Ghana. The study examined the need for financial intervention by small scale enterprises as most of these small scale enterprises have insufficient fund to buoy their businesses to a far reaching growth or development.

The sampling size of this research constitutes 70 small scale enterprises that are beneficiaries of microfinance in Accra. These small scale enterprises were placed in 10 categories with a group of seven: Internet Café, Saloon, Drinking Bar, Restaurant, and Tailoring Shop, Tie dye Makers, Traders, Boutique, Artisans and Bakers.

The study used the Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) tests to analyze the difficulties in the repayment of micro loans by the small scale enterprises.

The MANOVA test results indicate that there is no statistically significant difference in the reasons for difficulty in loan repayments based on the loan amount granted to the SMEs. This is evidenced by the significant value of p=0.383, and Wilk’s Lambda= 0.864. This implies that, irrespective of the loan amount granted to SMEs, their ascribed reasons for the difficulty in the repayment of such loans do not significantly differ.

The study recommends that there should be a reduction in the interest rates charge by microfinance institutions to small scale enterprises. It further recommends that the government facilitates the setting up of a SME bank which will deal only with issues that concern SMEs.

Keywords: Micro financing, Small Scale Enterprises, Beneficiaries, Medium and Large-Sized Enterprises, micro-entrepreneurs.

Title: Accessing the Effect of Micro Financing on Small Scale Enterprises in Ghana

Author: Charles Barnor, Alhassan Bunyaminu

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

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Abstract: More than 20-30% of the world population is known to suffer from one or other allergic ailments such as allergic fungal sinusitis, allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, Eczema and atopic dermatitis etc. Major causative agents are pollen grains fungal spores, dust mites, insect debris and other plant fragments and foods etc. Detailed information on the daily, seasonal and annual variation of different bio-particulates in the atmosphere is prerequisite, for effective diagnosis and therapeutic management of allergic ailments. Aerobiological investigations have been carried out in different parts of country to ascertain aerial concentration and seasonality of pollen and fungal spores. Clinically important fungal allergens are different species of Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus nidulans, Alternaria alternata, Cladosporium cladosporoides,, Mucor, Fusarium solanii, Curvularia lunata, and others. In present paper an attempt has been made to study the Aeromycoflora of Bus stand area and to identify the important pollen/fungal allergens prevalent in Raipur city in Bus stand area. During our investigation it was observed that 397 fungal colonies , 39 fungal species  and 1 sterile type were observed Out of which 6 species belong to Zygomycotina, 3 Ascomycotina and , 30 species belong to Deutromycetes or Anamorphic fungi and 1 sterile type were recorded.. In present investigation it was found that maximum percentage contribution was observed for Apergillus niger (110),  Aspergillus flavus (100), Cladosporium cladosporides (82.50),  Alternaria alternate (72.50), Cladosporium oxysporium (70.00), Curvularia lunata (47.50), Penicillum crysogenum (45.00) , Fusarium Pallidoroseum (40.00), Fusarium monaliformis (37.50), Penicillium jensani (37.50)  while minimum percentage contribution was observed for Rhizopus oryza (2.50), Rhizopus nagricans, Chaetomium indicum and cunnighmella elegans (5.00).Survey of allergic diseases in102 patients of Raipur city , showed that 52 patients suffered from Allergic rhinitis and  34 patients  from Asthma and 16 patients suffered from Eczema and sinusitis problems. In present survey it was observed that allergic diseases are more common in females than males. Allergic rhinitis and allergic asthma are prevalent allergic disease in Raipur.

Keywords: Aeromycoflora, allergic ailments, fungal spores, Eczema.

Title: Prevalent Allergic Diseases in Raipur City with Special Reference to Aeromycoflora of Bus Stand Area

Author: Shahla Khan, Kanungo V.K., Jadhav S.K.

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

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Abstract: The study attempts to examine the growth performance and inter-state disparity across India by analyzing growth rates in terms per capita GSDP.  The disparity in terms of GSDP per capita widened across the states. The advanced states like Andhra Pradesh, Delhi, Gujarat, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and West Bengal have performed well in term of per capita GSDP growth over 5 per cent per annum, with West Bengal recording the highest at over 6.15 per cent while the backward states like Bihar, Chhattisgarh, J&K, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Odisha and Uttar Pradesh have performed below average during 1993-94 to 2002-03. This shows that the disparity in terms of their GSDP per capita has widened across the states during the reform period. During the Post-Reform period 2003-04 to 2012-13 the performance of some of the poorly performing states has improve like Bihar, Odisha Maharashtra and Haryana etc. but disparity has further widened. However, the overall performance during 1993-94 to 2012-13 shows that there is high degree of disparity across states in terms of growth in GSDP per capita. The disparity was higher during 20s as compared to 90s as the value of coefficient of variation during the period of 1993-94 to 2002-03 is 0.46 and during 2003-04 to 2012-13 it is 0.34 which means that the disparity during post-reform period has widened across states and is a matter of serious concern.

Keywords: Growth, Disparity, Post-Reform, GSDP per capita, Backward States, etc.

Title: Growth and Inter-State Disparity in India

Author: Prof. Effat Yasmin, Fayaz Ahmad Bhat

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

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Abstract: In Palmistry many subjects meet medicine, psychology, morphology, astrology, endocrinology and many more. Yet it remains essentially a simple study, based on the assumption that it is possible to judge by appearance. Palmistry can be studied on many levels. The knowledge of Palmistry can apply one’s daily contact with people, for example in helping you form judgments of character. The main objective of this research is that the knowledge of the Palmistry can be applied in order to recognize human nature and behaviors. Hand prints of people from all walks of life were comparatively analyzed with their life stories. For this research I have presented famous Adolf Hitler. From the results I emphasize the fact that human hand reveals one’s personality, nature, health, emotions and some of the special situations of the person had to face in the life of past, present and future. In conclusion I confirm that Hand Analysis can be used to recognized human nature and behaviors.

Keywords: Chirognomy, Chiromancy, Dermatoglyphics, handprint, primitive sign.

Title: Recognizing Human Nature and Behaviors through Hand Analysis

Author: Dr. Kanchana Kohombange

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

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Abstract: The main goal of this study is to reflect on the concept of movement through the lens of an anthro pological approach aimed at showing how the concept of movement is deeply linked to sport and education, This study will show how the main fundamental components of both Being and sport originate from movement, and from the bodily nature of human beings. Movement sums up the transcendent and divine nature of the human being. Moreover, his study will also demonstrate how in sport one can discover the transcendent bio-metaphysical essence of the human beings as well as her/his natural anthropological vocation to transcendence and spirituality that should be cultivated and developed from the standpoint of the anthropology of sport education.

Keywords: movement, sport, anthropology, education, bio-metaphysics.

Title: Anthropology of sport education: a bio-metaphysical interpretation of the relationship between body and movement

Author: Emanuele Isidori

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

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