Vol 13 Issue 3 July 2025-September 2025

Abstract: This paper evaluates the gender pay disparity between men and their female counterparts in the five star hotels within Nairobi County in Kenya. It sought to give empirical evidence concerning the existence and direction of such a gap as well as the discussion of the underlining socio-demographic as well as the job characteristic factors shaping it in this context. The study took a quantitative methodology with a cross-sectional survey study design and a sample section of 112 employees drawn in eight five-star hotels within Nairobi. Its analysis of the pay gap was done in terms of mean difference analysis and independent t-tests of the samples. Against the global and national trends, the research study found that there exists statistically significant gender pay gap in favour of the female employees working in the five star hotels located in Nairobi (mean difference = 0.78, p = 0.040). Three factors were found to be the main determinants of employee compensation among them being level of education, position held, department, age group and length of stay in the hotel. These outcomes undermine some of the simplistic explanations concerning gender pay gap, implying that in certain, high-end spheres of the industry, personal human resources and career advancement could have an additional impact on the compensation compared to gender itself. The paper emphasizes the significance of encouraging equality in access to education and access to leadership among all the employees regardless of gender in realization of equitable practices on compensation.

Keywords: Gender pay gap, hospitality industry, employee retention, wage disparity, five-star hotels, Nairobi County.

Title: ASSESSMENT OF PAY GAP BETWEEN MALE AND FEMALE EMPLOYEES IN FIVE STAR HOTELS IN NAIROBI COUNTY, KENYA

Author: Faith Nungari Wanjiku

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

Vol. 13, Issue 3, July 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 115-122

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 11-August-2025

Abstract: This study investigates the relationship between leadership competencies, personality factors, and psychological resilience among military enlisted personnel, aiming to establish a foundational basis for enhancing combat operation effectiveness. Recognizing the demanding and high-stress nature of military combat scenarios, the research emphasizes the importance of robust leadership skills, stable personality traits, and strong psychological resilience to sustain performance and mission success. A quantitative descriptive-correlational design was employed, involving a representative sample of enlisted personnel from various battalions within research the Armed Forces of the Philippines. Data were gathered using standardized instruments measuring leadership competencies, the 16 personality factors, and psychological resilience levels. Statistical analyses were applied to examine the interrelationships and predictive capabilities of the variables. The study highlights the critical role of integrating leadership development programs with psychological training tailored to individual personality profiles. Such an approach can enhance combat readiness and operational success by fostering resilient, competent leaders capable of managing both their own psychological well-being and that of their units. This research provides valuable insights for military training institutions, policymakers, and commanders aiming to improve personnel selection, leadership training, and mental health support systems. By understanding the dynamic interplay between leadership, personality, and resilience, the Armed Forces can better prepare enlisted personnel to face the complexities of modern combat operations with confidence and effectiveness.

Keywords: leadership competencies, psychological resilience, robust leadership skills, Armed Forces.

Title: LEADERSHIP COMPETENCIES, PERSONALITY FACTORS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL RESILIENCE: BASIS FOR COMBAT OPERATION AMONG MILITARY ENLISTED PERSONNEL

Author: Carla Janine V. Macaraeg

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

Vol. 13, Issue 3, July 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 106-114

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 09-August-2025

Abstract: This study delved into the lived experiences of teachers with unique challenges regarding their teaching competence. These challenges included personal problems, financial issues, family and caregiving responsibilities, societal expectations, and workload demands that often make them feel unseen, unheard, and less valued. The participants of the study were composed of ten (10) teachers at the Department of Education, SDO Nueva Ecija, General Tinio District.  Purposive sampling was utilized.  A qualitative method using a case study approach was employed to capture deeply the lived experiences of teachers with unique challenges and how they affect their teaching competence. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. The findings of the study revealed that systemic problems, physical health burden, relationship burden, and financial burdens, showing resilience despite hardships, and the emotional impact on well-being were the themes of teachers’ unique challenges. In light of their teaching competence, most teachers revealed strength, resilience, and adaptability in their teaching. They find themselves still competent. They effectively manage their situations, using strategies like compartmentalization, time management, and prioritization. On the other hand, personal health issues or intense family obligations are the major factors their perceived teaching competence can be negatively impacted. Teachers need a supportive work environment to ensure their well-being and enhance their effectiveness. This includes an atmosphere of understanding, inclusiveness, and empathy in school. Additionally, the study suggests implementing mental health programs for teachers, mentorship initiatives, financial management programs and seminars, creating a conducive school environment with adequate facilities, and strengthening leave policies for special cases.

Keywords: teachers’ unique challenges, teaching competence, supportive work environment, resilience, emotional labor, systemic problems, physical health burden, relationship burden, and financial burdens.

Title: TEACHERS WITH UNIQUE CHALLENGES VIS-À-VIS THEIR TEACHING COMPETENCE: IMPLICATIONS TO SUPPORTIVE WORK ENVIRONMENT

Author: Liane Busog Maducdoc

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

Vol. 13, Issue 3, July 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 97-105

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 02-August-2025

Abstract: The Steepest Descent Method (SDM) is, appealingly, a straightforward gradient search technique, but not very effective in most applications, hence not recommended as a plug-and-play optimization procedure for several reasons. The SDM will often zigzag toward an optimum, requiring more steps of relatively little improvement toward the optimum. A significant disadvantage of the SDM for optimization problems is the number of iterations required to locate an extremum accurately. The search for a better, efficient, and robust technique, peculiar not to solving optimization problems alone but to solving optimal control problems, led to the Improved Steepest Descent Method (ISDM). The Improved Steepest Descent Method (ISDM) would solve nonlinear two-point boundary-value problems to determine the optimal controls and trajectories of Continuous-Time Linear Quadratic Regulator Problems (CLQRP). The method was employed to solve some CLQRP. The numerical results obtained from the ISDM show improvement over the classical SDM which is favourable compared with existing results.

Keywords: Optimal Control, Improved Steepest Descent Method, Continuous-Time Quadratic Linear Regulator Problem.

Title: On Application of Improved Steepest Descent Method (ISDM) Algorithm to Determine the Optimal Control and Trajectories of Continuous-Time Linear Quadratic Regulator Problems (CLQRP)

Author: Adebayo Kayode James, Alabi Taiye John, Adisa Isaac Olabisi, Ademoroti Albert Olalekan, Dele-Rotimi Adejoke Olumide

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

Vol. 13, Issue 3, July 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 88-96

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 21-July-2025

Abstract: Curriculum misalignment and incoherent assessment practices continue to pose significant challenges to student learning in higher education. This study presents a qualitative content synthesis of 21 peer-reviewed articles, guided by the PRISMA methodology, to explore how curriculum and assessment inconsistencies affect student outcomes. The synthesis identified five recurring themes: (1) disconnects between curriculum objectives and assessment content, (2) limited faculty understanding of alignment principles, (3) misaligned use of technology in assessment, (4) exclusionary practices affecting diverse learners, and (5) the corrective potential of authentic and project-based assessments. Findings indicate that misalignment contributes to surface learning, instructional inefficiency, reduced motivation, inequity, and poor assessment validity, ultimately impairing students' ability to engage meaningfully and succeed academically. The study highlights the need for systemic reforms, including curriculum audits, faculty development, and culturally responsive assessment strategies. The results reinforce the centrality of alignment theory and advocate for a triadic integration of instruction, learning outcomes, and assessment design as a cornerstone of effective, inclusive pedagogy.

Keywords: curriculum alignment, assessment practices, student learning, higher education, PRISMA, qualitative synthesis, educational equity, authentic assessment.

Title: Impact of Curriculum Misalignment and Assessment Practices on Student Learning Outcomes in Higher Education: A PRISMA-Guided Qualitative Content Synthesis

Author: Dr. David Augustine Bull

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

Vol. 13, Issue 3, July 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 65-87

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 21-July-2025

Abstract: This study examined the predictive relationship between academic hardiness and two key outcomes in undergraduate students: academic performance (measured by GPA) and intent to persist in their academic programs. Using a quantitative, correlational research design, data were collected from a sample of 300 undergraduate students. Results from Pearson correlations and linear regression analyses revealed that academic hardiness was a statistically significant predictor of both GPA and intent to persist. Academic hardiness explained approximately 62% of the variance in GPA and 63% of the variance in persistence intent, demonstrating a strong effect size in both cases. These findings align with previous research suggesting that non-cognitive traits, such as resilience, motivation, and stress tolerance play a vital role in academic success.

Contrary to expectations and previous literature, no statistically significant differences in academic hardiness were found across demographic groups including gender, age, or enrollment status, although a separate analysis revealed that students aged 35 and older exhibited higher levels of hardiness than younger peers. These findings underscore the increasing importance of academic hardiness across diverse student populations and suggest that psychological resilience may no longer be exclusive to post-traditional learners. The study affirms the theoretical relevance of hardiness in educational settings and advocates for institutional strategies that include resilience-building initiatives to improve student outcomes and retention.

Keywords: academic hardiness, GPA, intent to persist, resilience, undergraduate students, non-cognitive factors, student retention.

Title: The Role of Academic Hardiness in Predicting Student Persistence and Performance in Higher Education: A Quantitative Study

Author: Dr. David Augustine Bull

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

Vol. 13, Issue 3, July 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 47-64

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 16-July-2025

Abstract: This paper explores the transformative role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in enhancing anti-money laundering (AML) frameworks, with a particular focus on real-time transaction monitoring within the U.S. financial system. Traditional AML systems, often limited by static rule-based mechanisms and high false-positive rates, are increasingly ineffective in addressing the complexity of modern financial crimes. AI offers scalable, efficient, and adaptive solutions that can detect suspicious activity in real time, reduce operational costs, and improve compliance accuracy. The study examines the evolution of AML regulations, the integration of AI technologies such as machine learning and natural language processing, and the strategic benefits and challenges faced by financial institutions. It also highlights critical considerations around data quality, ethical governance, and regulatory alignment. Key recommendations include investment in AI infrastructure, regulatory collaboration, and workforce development. Finally, the paper identifies future research areas including quantum computing, federated learning, and cross-border AML cooperation. By leveraging AI responsibly, financial institutions can strengthen their resilience and maintain integrity in an increasingly complex global financial landscape.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Anti-Money Laundering, Transaction Monitoring, Financial Compliance and Regulatory Technology.

Title: Enhancing Real-Time Transaction Monitoring through Al- Driving AML Frameworks for U.S financial system

Author: Adedayo Idowu Sunday, Agama Omachi, Kehinde Daniel Abiodun, Shereef Olayinka Jinadu, Esther Alaka

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

Vol. 13, Issue 3, July 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 32-46

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 14-July-2025

Abstract: D-Mart is a chain of hyper markets and supermarkets in by R.K. Damani .A consumer buying behaviour with reference to D-Mart is for checking the buying behavior of an individual consumer when he did shopping at D- Mart. The study was carried as per the steps of Marketing Research D-Mart’s vision is to make available products categories for the customers everyday use at the ‘best’value.

Keywords: Buying Behaviour, Customer.

Title: BUYING BEHAVIOUR AND SATISFACTION OF CONSUMERS IN RELATION TO D-MART

Author: Dr.Sapna Sharma

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

Vol. 13, Issue 3, July 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 25-31

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 12-July-2025

Abstract: This study assessed the developmental needs of Grade 3 learners as perceived by their teachers, focusing on five key domains: cognitive, emotional, social, physical, and moral-ethical development. Teachers, being primary observers of learners' daily classroom behavior and performance, served as the main source of data, with parent/guardian input validating the findings to provide a comprehensive developmental profile. Findings revealed that emotional development was most prominent, indicating learners’ needs in building confidence and coping with change. Social development followed, particularly in peer interaction and conflict resolution. Moral-ethical development showed a need for greater reinforcement in values and behavior. Cognitive development highlighted curiosity and engagement but revealed gaps in reasoning and literacy. Physical development scored lowest, suggesting limited participation in physical activities and health routines. The study also found that various factors influence learner development. Cognitive and social growth were positively linked to fathers’ educational attainment and family income, while sex and curriculum type (e.g., SSES) influenced cognitive and moral-ethical development. Emotional and social growth were more closely tied to relational and environmental influences than socioeconomic factors. Furthermore, cognitive, emotional, social, and moral-ethical domains were strongly interconnected, while physical development remained relatively distinct. These insights underscore the importance of addressing developmental needs holistically. As a practical outcome, the study proposes the Instructional Support Initiatives for Grade 3 Learners: A Holistic Approach to Development, a classroom-based framework promoting targeted, developmentally appropriate strategies. This initiative empowers teachers and stakeholders to nurture learners' overall growth, bridging gaps and ensuring equitable, lifelong learning foundations.

Keywords: Developmental Needs, cognitive, social, emotional, physical, moral and ethical, instructional support.

Title: TEACHERS’ PERSPECTIVES ON THE DEVELOPMENTAL NEEDS OF GRADE 3 LEARNERS: INPUTS TO INSTRUCTIONAL SUPPORT INITIATIVES

Author: Elaiza Bumanlag Reyla

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

Vol. 13, Issue 3, July 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 18-24

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 09-July-2025

Abstract: Praedial larceny which involves stealing agricultural produce and livestock continues to be a persistent problem in Jamaica that damages agricultural output and destroys farmers' income and threatens the country's food security. The practice of praedial larceny developed from colonial times and worsened through modern social inequalities to become a widespread and mentally distressing problem for Jamaican farming communities. This research examines praedial larceny through psychological and socio-cultural lenses to study its historical development and public perceptions and evaluate present-day legal restrictions. The research uses a mixed-methods design which integrates both qualitative interviews and focus group discussions with quantitative survey data from farmers and agricultural science educators and law enforcement officials and rural residents. The research reveals both major financial losses of JMD $25 billion in 2024 and psychological impacts that include anxiety elevation and distrust growth and social fragmentation. The study investigates how stakeholders understand current legal systems while collecting opinions about prevention methods from local communities. The research focuses on the direct experiences of those impacted to develop policy changes and community-based solutions which will reduce praedial larceny effectively. The research findings will help create responsive enforcement systems which strengthen Jamaica's agricultural resilience through context-specific legislative mechanisms.

Keywords: Praedial larceny, Agricultural Security; Rural Crime Prevention; Surveillance Technology; Farm Traceability Systems.

Title: Praedial Larceny and Its Psychological and Socio-Cultural Influence on Jamaican Farmers

Author: Salvation Ifechukwude Atalor, Donald Stoddart, Morris-Francis Sherill, Sharmaine Tapper, Estwick Noel, Dahlia Stoddart

International Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovations

ISSN 2348-1218 (print), ISSN 2348-1226 (online)

Vol. 13, Issue 3, July 2025 - September 2025

Page No: 1-17

Research Publish Journals

Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 09-July-2025